String Length
To get the length of a string, use the length()
function:
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.length();
return 0;
}
// Output---> The length of the txt string is: 26
Tip: You might see some C++ programs that use the size()
function to get the length of a string. This is just an alias of length()
. It is completely up to you if you want to use length()
or size()
:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.size();
return 0;
}
// Output---> The length of the txt string is: 26
Access Strings
You can access the characters in a string by referring to its index number inside square brackets []
.
This example prints the first character in myString:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string myString = "Hello";
cout << myString[0];
return 0;
}
// Output---> H
Note: String indexes start with 0: [0] is the first character. [1] is the second character, etc.
This example prints the second character in myString:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string myString = "Hello";
cout << myString[1];
return 0;
}
//Output---> e
Change String Characters
To change the value of a specific character in a string, refer to the index number, and use single quotes:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string myString = "Hello";
myString[0] = 'J';
cout << myString;
return 0;
}
//Output---> Jello